| Distribution and Role of Ovarian Follicle Macrophage in Rat Ovarian Follicular Atresia. |
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Yun Seok Yang, Heung Tae Noh, Yun Ee Rhee, Sung Kyong Son, Keun Ja Cho, Hee In Choi, Soo Il Kim, Won Sik Kim |
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. nht@cnu.ac.kr
2Department of Orthodontics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
4Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
5Emergency Medical Service, College of Visual Images and Health, Kongju National University, Korea. |
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| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE
Ovarian follicular atresia is initiated from ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and macrophages exert their effects directly and/or indirectly on follicular atresia by phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies and secretion of various cytokines. In spite of the abundant data on ovarian macrophages, the presence of these cells within the follicles (i.e., among granulosa cells) remains controversial and the elimination methods of apoptotic bodies of atretic follicles, and the time and methods of penetration of macrophages into the follicles are not known completely. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the presence of macrophage within the ovary as related to follicular atresia and the process of elimination of apoptotic granulosa cells by light and electron microscopy. METHODS: Using rat ovaries, immunohistochemical studies with rat macrophage monoclonal antibody ED1 for macrophages, and light and transmission electron microscopic observations were performed. RESULTS: In the rat, follicular atresia was initiated by the granulosa cell apoptosis which occured randomly within the all granulosa layers. Macrophages were observed within normal follicles, in antrum, granulosa and theca cell layers of atretic follicels, in interstium and in corpus luteum. Ultrastructurally, apoptotic granulosa cells showed characteristics, pyknotic nucleus and apoptotic body formation. Apoptotic bodies were eliminated by intact neighboring granulosa cells and macrophages. Intact granulosa cells ingested apoptotic bodies transiently, soon after they fell into the apoptosis. Finally, apoptotic bodies and degenerating oocytes were phagocytosed by macrophages. Macrophages entered the ovarian follicle at the time of initiation of granulosa cell apoptosis, and migrated with the progression of apoptosis. By elimination of theca cells, macrophages contributed the completion of follicular atresia. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates both intact neighboring granulosa cells and macrophages in the elimination of apoptotic bodies in atretic follicles of the rat ovary. Macrophages are present within normal follicles, in atretic follicles such as antrum, granulosa and theca cell layers and in corpus luteum but are in different appearances according to their location in ovary. A number of macrophages appearing in atretic follicles and in corpora lutea suggest a role for macrophages in follicular atresia and corpus luteum differentiation. The function of macrophage according to their location in follicular development should be further studied. |
| Key Words:
Follicular atresia, Apoptosis, Electron microgroscopy, Macrophage |
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